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CES Module 1.1: Self-understanding and Life Skills

Key points + Practice

The UT1 Citizenship, Economics and Society paper covers Module 1.1 (pages 1-33), on self-understanding and life skills. This chapter summarises the core concepts.

🪞 1. Self-understanding

Self-understanding means knowing your own personality, interests, abilities, values and needs.
Ways to understand yourself:
1. Self-reflection: take time to think about your behaviour and feelings.
2. Feedback from others: listen to family, teachers and friends.
3. Trying new things: join different activities to discover your interests and talents.
4. Comparing and reflecting: observe how you behave in different situations.
Self-concept: your overall view of yourself, including:
- Academic self: how good you think you are at learning
- Social self: how you see your relationships with others
- Physical self: how you feel about your appearance and fitness
- Emotional self: how you handle your own emotions
A positive self-image helps build confidence and the courage to face challenges and failure.

🎯 2. Self-management and Goal Setting

Self-management means organising and controlling your own behaviour in order to achieve your goals.
SMART goals:
S (Specific): the goal should be clear and precise.
M (Measurable): you should be able to measure whether it is achieved.
A (Achievable): it should be within your ability.
R (Relevant): it should relate to your own needs and development.
T (Time-bound): set a deadline.
Example:
✗ Vague goal: 'I want to study harder.'
✓ SMART goal: 'Before the end of this term, I will raise my English result from 60 marks to 75 marks, by studying English for 30 minutes every day.'
Time-management tips:
1. Set priorities: do what is important and urgent first (such as homework due tomorrow).
2. Make a timetable and break big tasks into small steps.
3. Avoid procrastination; make good use of odd moments.
4. Allow time to rest so that you stay efficient.

😊 3. Managing Emotions and Stress

Emotions are not good or bad; every emotion is a normal reaction. What matters is how you handle it.
Common emotions: joy, anger, sadness and fear.
Ways to manage emotions:
1. Notice and accept your feelings: first say to yourself, 'I am angry.'
2. Identify the source of the emotion.
3. Express it in a suitable way: use 'I' statements, for example 'I feel upset because ...', rather than blaming others.
4. Relieve it in healthy ways: exercise, music, deep breathing or talking to someone.
Handling stress:
- A moderate amount of stress can push us forward; long-term overwhelming stress harms physical and mental health.
- Ways to relieve stress: enough sleep, a balanced diet, regular exercise, sharing your feelings and seeking help.
- If emotional problems persist, seek help from teachers, social workers, parents or professionals.

💬 4. Communication and Problem Solving

Effective communication skills:
1. Listen attentively and do not interrupt.
2. Use 'I' statements to express feelings and reduce blame.
3. Pay attention to non-verbal messages: tone, facial expression and body posture.
4. Respect differences; do not force your views on others.
5. Express thanks and appreciation in good time.
Steps in problem solving:
1. Define the problem
2. Think of several possible solutions
3. Evaluate the consequences of each
4. Choose and carry out the best one
5. Review the outcome
When facing conflict: stay calm, deal with the issue rather than the person, look for a win-win solution, and ask a third party for help when necessary.

📝 例題

例題 1：Use the SMART principle to turn 'I want to do more exercise' into a specific goal.
例題 2：A classmate accidentally broke your stationery and you are angry. Use an 'I' statement to express how you feel.
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