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Geography Unit 1.1-1.4: Tourism

Key points + Practice

The UT1 Geography paper covers the Tourism unit: textbook Unit 1.1-1.4 (pp. 3-5, pp. 7-11), the learning package (pp. 2-6) and all worksheets.

🧳 1. What is Tourism?

Tourism: people leaving their usual place of residence to travel and stay temporarily elsewhere, for purposes such as leisure, visiting relatives, business, religion or cultural exchange.
The tourism industry: all the services and facilities provided for tourists.
Features of the tourism industry:
1. Comprehensive: it involves many industries working together.
2. Service-oriented: it mainly provides services.
3. Seasonal: tourist numbers are affected by holidays and weather, giving peak and off-peak seasons.
4. It has both positive and negative effects on the environment and on society and culture.
Types of tourist:
- Domestic tourists: travelling within their own country or region.
- International tourists: travelling to another country or region.

🏨 2. Components of the Tourism Industry

The tourism industry has several components:
1. Transport: aircraft, ships, trains, buses and private cars that move tourists from place to place.
2. Accommodation: hotels, guesthouses, hostels and resorts.
3. Food and beverage: restaurants, tea houses and snack shops.
4. Attractions and entertainment: natural scenery, theme parks, museums and festivals.
5. Travel agencies and tour guides: arranging itineraries and providing guided tours.
6. Shopping: souvenirs and duty-free shops.
7. Support services: banking, insurance, communications and tourist information centres.
These parts depend on one another: for example, a cancelled flight affects the income of hotels, restaurants and attractions.

🌏 3. Factors in the Growth of Tourism

Factors that promote the growth of tourism:
1. Economic development: higher incomes leave people with more money to travel.
2. Better transport: aviation and high-speed rail make travel faster and cheaper.
3. More holidays: paid leave and long weekends.
4. Better information: the internet and social media make travel information easy to obtain.
5. Government policy: relaxed visas, tourism promotion and new infrastructure.
6. Social factors: higher education levels and a desire for a better quality of life.

⚖️ 4. Impacts of Tourism

Economic impacts:
Positive: higher income, new jobs, growth in related industries and foreign exchange earnings.
Negative: over-dependence on tourism, rising prices and seasonal unemployment.
Social and cultural impacts:
Positive: cultural exchange, preservation of traditions and greater local pride.
Negative: commercialisation of traditions, changes in values and disturbance to residents.
Environmental impacts:
Positive: income can fund conservation and raise environmental awareness.
Negative: more pollution, damage to the natural environment and ecosystems, and over-development.
Sustainable tourism: developing tourism while balancing economic, social, cultural and environmental needs, so that tourism resources are preserved for the future.
本節生詞：waste

📝 例題

例題 1：Give two positive economic impacts and two negative environmental impacts of tourism.
例題 2：What is sustainable tourism? Give one way of putting it into practice.
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